ʻO ka maʻi maʻi ʻōpū ka mea kiʻekiʻe loa ma waena o nā maʻi maʻi digestive tract a puni ka honua.Eia nō naʻe, he mea hiki ke pale ʻia a mālama ʻia.Ma ke alakaʻi ʻana i ke ola olakino, ka nānā mau ʻana, a me ka ʻimi ʻana i ka ʻike mua a me ka mālama ʻana, hiki iā mākou ke pale pono i kēia maʻi.E hāʻawi mākou iā ʻoe i nā wehewehe ʻana i nā nīnau koʻikoʻi ʻeiwa e kōkua iā ʻoe e hoʻomaopopo pono i ka maʻi maʻi ʻōpū.
1. He ʻokoʻa anei ka maʻi kanesa o ka ʻōpū ma muli o ka lāhui, ka ʻāina, a me ka makahiki?
Wahi a ka ʻikepili maʻi maʻi honua hou loa i 2020, ua hōʻike ʻo Kina ma kahi o 4.57 miliona mau maʻi maʻi maʻi hou, me ka helu ʻana o ka maʻi maʻi ʻōpū.ma kahi o 480,000 mau hihia, a i ʻole 10.8%, ke kūlana ma waena o nā mea ʻekolu.Hōʻike ka maʻi maʻi ʻōpū i nā ʻano like ʻole ma ke ʻano o ka lāhui a me ka ʻāina.He wahi koʻikoʻi ka ʻāina ʻo ʻAsia Hikina no ka maʻi maʻi ʻōpū, me Kina, Iapana, a me South Korea e helu ana ma kahi o 70% o ka nui o nā hihia ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa.Hoʻopili ʻia kēia i nā mea e like me ka genetic predisposition, ka ʻai ʻana i nā meaʻai i hoʻomoʻa ʻia a i ʻoki ʻia, a me nā kiʻekiʻe o ka puhi paka ma ka ʻāina.Ma ka ʻāina nui o Kina, laha ʻia ka maʻi ʻōpū ma nā kahakai me nā meaʻai paʻakai kiʻekiʻe, a me ka waena a me lalo o ka muliwai Yangtze a me nā wahi ʻilihune.
Ma ke ʻano o ka makahiki, ʻo ka awelika o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka maʻi maʻi ʻōpū ma waena o 55 a 60 mau makahiki.I loko o nā makahiki he ʻumi i hala iho nei, ua paʻa mau ka nui o ka maʻi kanesa o ka ʻōpū ma Kina, me ka piʻi iki.Eia naʻe, ke piʻi aʻe nei ka nui o ka hanana i waena o ka poʻe ʻōpio i ka wikiwiki, ma mua o ka awelika aupuni.Hoʻohui ʻia, ʻike pinepine ʻia kēia mau hihia ma ke ʻano he maʻi maʻi ʻōpū ʻano diffuse, e hōʻike ana i nā pilikia lapaʻau.
2. Loa'a anei i ka ma'i 'a'ai 'o ka ma'i 'a'ai mua?He aha nā hōʻailona nui?
ʻO nā polyps ʻōpū, ka ʻōpū atrophic mau loa, a me ke koena o ka ʻōpū, he mau kumu pilikia nui ia no ka maʻi maʻi ʻōpū.ʻO ka ulu ʻana o ka maʻi ʻaʻai ʻōpū he hana multifactorial, multilevel, a multistage.I ka wā mua o ka maʻi maʻi ʻōpū,ʻAʻole hōʻike pinepine ka poʻe maʻi i nā hōʻailona maopopo, a i ʻole e ʻike wale lākou i ka ʻeha ma ka ʻōpū o luna,atypical ʻeha ʻōpū luna, poho o ka ai, pehu, belching, a ma kekahi mau hihia, he eleele a me ka luai koko.Ke ʻike nui ʻia nā hōʻailona, e hōʻike ana i ka waena a hiki i ka pae kiʻekiʻe o ka maʻi kanesa ʻōpū, hiki i nā poʻe maʻi ke ʻike i ka pohō kaumaha ʻole, anemia,hypoalbuminemia (ka haʻahaʻa o ka protein i loko o ke koko), ʻeha,ʻeha ʻōpū mau, luai koko, aʻeleʻele stools, mawaena o na mea e ae.
3. Pehea e ʻike koke ʻia ai ka poʻe e pili ana i ka maʻi maʻi ʻōpū?
ʻO ka mōʻaukala ʻohana o ka maʻi koko: Inā loaʻa nā maʻi o ka ʻōpū o ka ʻōpū a i ʻole nā maʻi koko ʻē aʻe i loko o ʻelua a ʻekolu paha hanauna o nā ʻohana, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka ulu ʻana o ka maʻi ʻōpū.ʻO ke ala i ʻōlelo ʻia, ʻo ia ke hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ka maʻi maʻi maʻi ma kahi o 10-15 mau makahiki ma mua o ka makahiki ʻōpio o kekahi ʻohana me ka maʻi kanesa.No ka maʻi maʻi ʻōpū, pono e mālama ʻia kahi hoʻokolohua gastroscopy i kēlā me kēia ʻekolu makahiki, e like me ka ʻōlelo a ke kauka.No ka laʻana, inā he 55 mau makahiki ka muli loa o ka ʻohana me ka maʻi kanesa, pono e hana ʻia ka hoʻokolokolo gastroscopy mua ma ke 40 o kona mau makahiki.
ʻO ka poʻe me ka moʻolelo lōʻihi o ka puhi ʻana, ka inu ʻawaʻawa, ka makemake i nā meaʻai wela, pickled, a me ka ʻai ʻia, a me ka ʻai nui ʻana i nā meaʻai paʻakai pono e hoʻoponopono koke i kēia mau ʻano maikaʻi ʻole, no ka mea hiki iā lākou ke hōʻeha nui i ka ʻōpū.
ʻO ka poʻe maʻi me ka ʻāʻī ʻāʻī, ka maʻi ʻōpū mau, a me nā maʻi ʻōpū ʻē aʻe, pono e ʻimi ikaika i ka lāʻau lapaʻau e pale ai i ka piʻi ʻana o ka maʻi a e hoʻopaʻa mau ʻia ma ka haukapila.
4. Hiki i ka ma'i 'a'ai a me ka ma'i 'a'ai ke alaka'i i ka ma'i 'a'ai?
ʻO kekahi mau maʻi ʻāʻī he mea nui ka pilikia no ka maʻi ʻaʻai ʻōpū a pono e mālama pono ʻia.Eia naʻe, ʻo ka loaʻa ʻana o nā maʻi ʻōpū ʻaʻole ia he manaʻo e hoʻomohala ʻia kekahi maʻi maʻi ʻōpū.Hoʻopili maopopo ʻia ka maʻi ʻeha o ka ʻōpū me ka piʻi ʻana o ka maʻi kanesa.ʻO ka maʻi gastritis lōʻihi a koʻikoʻi, ʻoi aku ka nui inā hōʻike ia i nā hōʻailona o ke atrophy, metaplasia intestinal, a i ʻole hyperplasia atypical, pono e nānā pono.He mea nui e haʻalele koke i nā hana maikaʻi ʻole e like meku ana e puhi ana, e kaupalena i ka inu ʻana i ka waiʻona, a e pale aku i nā meaʻai palai a paʻakai nui.Hoʻohui ʻia, ʻōlelo ʻia e loaʻa i nā loiloi makahiki maʻamau me kahi loea gastrointestinal e loiloi i ke kūlana kikoʻī a noʻonoʻo i nā ʻōlelo paipai e like me ka gastroscopy a i ʻole ka lāʻau lapaʻau.
5. Aia kekahi pilina ma waena o Helicobacter pylori a me ka maʻi maʻi ʻōpū?
ʻO ka Helicobacter pylori he maʻi bacteria i loaʻa mau i loko o ka ʻōpū, a pili pū me kekahi ʻano maʻi maʻi ʻōpū.Inā ho'āʻo ke kanaka i ka maikaʻi no Helicobacter pylori a loaʻa pū kekahi i nā maʻi ʻōpū e like me ka gastritis mau loa a i ʻole ka maʻi ʻōpū o ka ʻōpū, piʻi aʻe ko lākou pilikia o ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka maʻi maʻi ʻōpū.He mea koʻikoʻi ka ʻimi ʻana i ka lāʻau lapaʻau i nā manawa like.Ma waho aʻe o ka loaʻa ʻana o ka lāʻau lapaʻau i ka mea i hoʻopilikia ʻia, pono e hoʻopaʻa ʻia nā lālā o ka ʻohana a noʻonoʻo i ka mālama ʻana i ka synchronized inā pono.
6. Aia kekahi ʻano ʻeha ma mua o ka gastroscopy?
ʻOiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻole hōʻoluʻolu ka hele ʻana i kahi gastroscopy me ka ʻole o ka ʻeha.Eia nō naʻe, i ka wā e ʻike ai i ka maʻi maʻi ʻōpū o ka wā mua, ʻo ka gastroscopy ke ala ʻoi loa.ʻAʻole hiki ke ʻike ʻia nā ʻano diagnostic ʻē aʻe i ka maʻi maʻi ʻōpū i ka wā mua, hiki ke hoʻopilikia nui i ka manawa o ka mālama maikaʻi ʻana.
ʻO ka maikaʻi o ka gastroscopy ʻo ia ka mea e hiki ai i nā kauka ke nānā pono i ka ʻōpū ma o ka hoʻokomo ʻana i kahi paipu lahilahi a hiki ke maʻalahi ma o ka esophagus a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi kiʻi kiʻi kiʻi kiʻi liʻiliʻi.ʻO kēia ka mea e hiki ai iā lākou ke ʻike maopopo i ka ʻōpū a ʻaʻole e poina i nā loli maʻalahi.Hiki ke ma'alahi loa nā hō'ailona mua o ka ma'i 'a'ai o ka 'ōpū, e like me ke kā'ei li'ili'i ma ko mākou lima i hiki 'ole ai ke nānā 'ia, akā, he mau loli iki paha ke kala o ka uhi o ka 'ōpū.ʻOiai hiki i nā CT scans a me nā mea ʻokoʻa ke hoʻomaopopo i kekahi mau mea ʻino nui o ka ʻōpū, ʻaʻole paha lākou e hopu i kēlā mau loli maʻalahi.No laila, no ka poʻe i ʻōlelo ʻia e hana i ka gastroscopy, he mea nui ia e kānalua.
7. He aha ke kūlana gula no ka maʻi maʻi ʻōpū?
ʻO ka gastroscopy a me ka biopsy pathological ke kumu gula no ka ʻike ʻana i ka maʻi maʻi ʻōpū.Hāʻawi kēia i kahi hōʻailona qualitative, ukali ʻia e ka staging.ʻO ka ʻokiʻoki, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, a me ka mālama kākoʻo ʻo ia nā ʻano lapaʻau nui no ka maʻi maʻi ʻōpū.ʻO ka ʻoki ʻana ka lāʻau lapaʻau mua no ka maʻi maʻi ʻōpū o ka wā mua, a ua manaʻo ʻia ka lapaʻau ākea multidisciplinary i kēia manawa ʻo ke ala lapaʻau kiʻekiʻe loa no ka maʻi maʻi ʻōpū.Ma muli o ke kūlana kino o ka mea maʻi, ka piʻi ʻana o ka maʻi, a me nā kumu ʻē aʻe, hoʻomohala pū kekahi hui multidisciplinary o nā loea i kahi hoʻolālā lapaʻau pilikino no ka mea maʻi, he mea pono loa ia no nā maʻi me nā kūlana paʻakikī.Inā maopopo ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana a me ka hōʻoia ʻana o ka mea maʻi, hiki ke mālama ʻia e like me nā alakaʻi kūpono no ka maʻi maʻi ʻōpū.
8. Pehea e ʻimi ai i ka lāʻau lapaʻau no ka maʻi maʻi ʻōpū ma ke ʻano ʻepekema?
Hiki ke hoʻoulu i ka ulu ʻana o nā pūnaʻi tumora a hoʻonui i ka paʻakikī o nā lāʻau ma hope.He mea koʻikoʻi ka ʻike mua a me ka mālama ʻana i nā maʻi me ka maʻi maʻi ʻōpū, no laila he mea nui e ʻimi i ka mālama olakino mai kahi keʻena oncology kūikawā.Ma hope o ka nānā pono ʻana, e loiloi ke kauka i ke kūlana o ka mea maʻi a hāʻawi i nā ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo lapaʻau, a laila pono e kūkākūkā ʻia me ka mea maʻi a me nā lālā o ko lākou ʻohana ma mua o ka hoʻoholo ʻana.Nui ka poʻe maʻi e hopohopo a makemake lākou e ʻike koke i kēia lā a me ke ʻoki ʻana i ka lā ʻapōpō.ʻAʻole hiki iā lākou ke kali ma ka laina no nā hoʻokolokolo a i ʻole kahi moena o ka haukapila.Eia nō naʻe, i mea e loaʻa ai ka lāʻau lapaʻau wikiwiki, hiki i ka hele ʻana i nā halemai non-specialized a me ka ʻike ʻole no ka mālama maʻamau e hiki ke hoʻopilikia i ka mālama ʻana i ka maʻi.
Ke ʻike ʻia ka maʻi maʻi ʻōpū, maʻa mau ia no kekahi manawa.Inā ʻaʻole loaʻa nā pilikia koʻikoʻi e like me ka perforation, ke kahe ʻana o ke koko, a i ʻole ke keakea ʻana, ʻaʻohe pono e hopohopo ʻo ka hoʻopaneʻe ʻana i ka ʻoki koke e hoʻolalelale i ka piʻi ʻana o ka maʻi maʻi.ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻo ka hāʻawi ʻana i ka manawa kūpono no nā kauka e hoʻomaopopo pono i ke kūlana o ka mea maʻi, e loiloi i ko lākou hoʻomanawanui kino, a me ka nānā ʻana i nā ʻano o ka ʻōpū he mea nui ia no nā hopena lapaʻau maikaʻi aʻe.
9. Pehea mākou e manaʻo ai i ka ʻōlelo ʻo "ka hapakolu o nā maʻi i makaʻu i ka make"?
Hoʻonui loa kēia ʻōlelo.ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻole weliweli ka maʻi kanesa e like me kā mākou e noʻonoʻo ai.Nui nā poʻe e noho nei me ka maʻi kanesa a alakaʻi i nā ola hoʻokō.Ma hope o ka hōʻoia ʻana i ka maʻi maʻi, he mea nui e hoʻoponopono i ka noʻonoʻo o kekahi a komo i ka kamaʻilio maikaʻi me nā poʻe maʻi maikaʻi.No ka poʻe i loko o ka manawa hoʻōla ma hope o ka mālama ʻana i ka maʻi maʻi ʻōpū, ʻaʻole pono nā ʻohana a me nā hoahana e mālama iā lākou me he mau mea palupalu, e kāohi ana iā lākou mai ka hana ʻana i kekahi mea.Hiki i kēia ala ke hana i nā poʻe maʻi me he mea lā ʻaʻole ʻike ʻia ko lākou waiwai.
ʻO ka maʻi maʻi o ka ʻōpū
ʻO ka maʻi lapaʻau no ka maʻi maʻi ʻōpū ma Kina ma kahi o 30%, ʻaʻole ia he haʻahaʻa loa e hoʻohālikelike ʻia i nā ʻano maʻi maʻi ʻē aʻe.No ka maʻi maʻi ʻōpū mua, ʻo ka nui o ka hoʻōla ʻana ma kahi o 80% a 90%.No ka pae II, ma kahi o 70% a 80%.Eia naʻe, ma ka pae III, ka mea i manaʻo ʻia he holomua, hāʻule ka lāʻau lapaʻau ma kahi o 30%, a no ka pae IV, ʻaʻole ia ma mua o 10%.
Ma ke ʻano o ka wahi, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka mālama ʻana i ka maʻi maʻi ʻōpū distal ma mua o ka maʻi maʻi ʻōpū proximal.ʻO ka maʻi maʻi ʻōpū mamao e pili ana i ka maʻi kanesa kokoke i ka pylorus, ʻoiai ʻo ka maʻi maʻi ʻōpū kokoke e pili ana i ka maʻi kanesa kokoke i ka cardia a i ʻole ke kino ʻōpū.ʻOi aku ka paʻakikī o ka ʻike ʻana i ka maʻi maʻi maʻi pūlima pūlima, a maʻalahi hoʻi i ka metastasis, e hopena i ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa.
No laila, he mea koʻikoʻi ka nānā ʻana i nā loli i loko o ke kino o kekahi, e hoʻopaʻa i ka lāʻau lapaʻau maʻamau, a e ʻimi i ka lāʻau lapaʻau inā e loaʻa ana ka ʻeha o ka ʻōpū.Inā pono, pono e hana ʻia ka gastroscopy.Pono nā poʻe maʻi i hoʻopaʻa ʻia endoscopic i ka wā ma mua e hoʻopaʻa ʻia me kahi loea gastrointestinal a mālama i nā ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo no nā hoʻokolohua gastroscopy manawa.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: ʻAukake-10-2023