ʻO ke kanesa ʻōpū ka mea i loaʻa ka nui loa o nā maʻi ʻōpū ma waena o nā ʻōpū āpau o ka honua. Eia nō naʻe, he maʻi ia e hiki ke pale ʻia a mālama ʻia. Ma ke alakaʻi ʻana i kahi nohona olakino, ka nānā mau ʻana i nā kauka, a me ka ʻimi ʻana i ka ʻike mua a me ka mālama ʻana, hiki iā mākou ke hakakā pono i kēia maʻi. E ʻae mai iā mākou e hāʻawi iā ʻoe i nā wehewehe ʻana i nā nīnau koʻikoʻi ʻeiwa e kōkua iā ʻoe e hoʻomaopopo maikaʻi i ke kanesa ʻōpū.
1. He ʻokoʻa anei ke kanesa ʻōpū ma muli o ka lāhui, ka ʻāina, a me ka makahiki?
Wahi a ka ʻikepili maʻi kanesa honua hou loa i ka makahiki 2020, ua hōʻike ʻo Kina ma kahi o 4.57 miliona mau hihia maʻi kanesa hou, me ke kanesa ʻōpū e helu ana noma kahi o 480,000 mau hihia, a i ʻole 10.8%, e kūlana ana ma waena o nā ʻekolu kiʻekiʻe.Hōʻike maopopo ka maʻi ʻaʻai ʻōpū i nā ʻokoʻa maopopo ma ke ʻano o ka lāhui a me ka ʻāina. ʻO ka ʻāina ʻo ʻAsia Hikina kahi wahi pilikia nui no ka maʻi ʻaʻai ʻōpū, me Kina, Iapana, a me Kōlea Hema e helu ana ma kahi o 70% o ka huina o nā hihia ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa. Ua pili kēia i nā kumu e like me ka predisposition genetic, ka ʻai ʻana i nā meaʻai i kālua ʻia a me ka pickled, a me nā helu puhipaka kiʻekiʻe ma ka ʻāina. Ma Kina nui, ua laha ka maʻi ʻaʻai ʻōpū ma nā wahi kahakai me nā meaʻai paʻakai kiʻekiʻe, a me nā wahi waena a me lalo o ka muliwai ʻo Yangtze a me nā wahi ʻilihune.
Ma ke ʻano o ka makahiki, ʻo ka awelika o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka maʻi ʻaʻai ʻōpū ma waena o 55 a me 60 mau makahiki. I loko o nā makahiki he ʻumi i hala iho nei, ua mau ka nui o ka maʻi ʻaʻai ʻōpū ma Kina me ka piʻi iki ʻana. Eia nō naʻe, ke piʻi wikiwiki nei ka nui o ka hanana ma waena o ka poʻe ʻōpio, e ʻoi aku ana ma mua o ka awelika o ka ʻāina. Eia kekahi, ua ʻike pinepine ʻia kēia mau hihia he maʻi ʻaʻai ʻōpū diffuse-type, kahi e hōʻike ai i nā pilikia lapaʻau.
2. Loaʻa i ka maʻi ʻōpū nā ʻeha precancerous? He aha nā hōʻailona nui?
ʻO nā polyps gastric, ka gastritis atrophic mau loa, a me ke koena o ka ʻōpū he mau mea pilikia nui ia no ka maʻi ʻōpū.ʻO ka ulu ʻana o ka maʻi ʻaʻai ʻōpū he hana multifactorial, multilevel, a me multistage.I nā pae mua o ka maʻi ʻaʻai ʻōpū,ʻaʻole hōʻike pinepine nā maʻi i nā hōʻailona maopopo, a i ʻole e ʻike wale lākou i ka ʻeha iki ma ka ʻōpū o luna,ʻeha ʻōpū o luna atypical, ka nalowale o ka makemake, ka pehu ʻana, ka belching, a i kekahi mau hihia, ka ʻōpala ʻeleʻele a i ʻole ka luaʻi ʻana i ke koko. Ke ʻike nui ʻia nā hōʻailona,e hōʻike ana i nā pae waena a holomua o ka maʻi ʻōpū, hiki i nā maʻi ke loaʻa i ka pohō kaumaha i wehewehe ʻole ʻia, anemia,hypoalbuminemia (haʻahaʻa ka nui o ka protein i loko o ke koko), ʻūhū,ʻeha mau o ka ʻōpū, ka luaʻi ʻana i ke koko, anā noho ʻeleʻele, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe.
3. Pehea e hiki ai ke ʻike mua ʻia nā kānaka pilikia kiʻekiʻe no ka maʻi ʻōpū?
Moʻolelo ʻohana o nā puʻupuʻu: Inā he mau hihia o nā puʻupuʻu ʻōnaehana hoʻoheheʻe a i ʻole nā puʻupuʻu ʻē aʻe i loko o ʻelua a ʻekolu mau hanauna o nā hoahānau, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka hiki ke loaʻa i ka maʻi ʻōpū. ʻO ke ala i manaʻo ʻia, ʻo ia ke hana i ka nānā ʻana i ka puʻupuʻu ʻoihana ma ka liʻiliʻi he 10-15 mau makahiki ma mua o ka makahiki ʻōpio loa o kekahi lālā o ka ʻohana me ka maʻi ʻōpū. No ka maʻi ʻōpū, pono e hana ʻia kahi hoʻokolokolo gastroscopy i kēlā me kēia ʻekolu makahiki, e like me ka ʻōlelo a ke kauka. No ka laʻana, inā he 55 mau makahiki ka makahiki ʻōpio loa o kahi lālā o ka ʻohana me ka maʻi ʻōpū, pono e hana ʻia ka hoʻokolokolo gastroscopy mua i ka makahiki 40.
ʻO ka poʻe me ka mōʻaukala lōʻihi o ka puhipaka, ka inu ʻona, makemake i nā meaʻai wela, nā mea ʻai i kālua ʻia, a me nā meaʻai i kālua ʻia, a me ka ʻai nui ʻana i ka paʻakai, pono e hoʻololi koke i kēia mau ʻano maikaʻi ʻole, no ka mea, hiki iā lākou ke hōʻeha nui i ka ʻōpū.
Pono nā maʻi me nā ʻōpū ʻōpū, ka gastritis mau loa, a me nā maʻi ʻōpū ʻē aʻe e ʻimi ikaika i ka lāʻau lapaʻau e pale aku i ka holomua o ka maʻi a hana i nā nānā kino mau ma ka haukapila.
4. Hiki i ka gastritis mau loa a me nā ʻōpū ʻōpū ke alakaʻi i ka maʻi ʻōpū?
ʻO kekahi mau maʻi ʻōpū he mau mea pilikia nui no ka maʻi ʻōpū a pono e lawe koʻikoʻi ʻia. Eia nō naʻe, ʻo ka loaʻa ʻana o nā maʻi ʻōpū ʻaʻole ia he manaʻo e loaʻa i kekahi ka maʻi ʻōpū. Ua pili pono nā ʻōpū ʻōpū me ka hoʻonui ʻia o ka pilikia o ka loaʻa ʻana o ka maʻi ʻōpū. ʻO ka gastritis mau loa a koʻikoʻi, ʻoiai inā hōʻike ia i nā hōʻailona o ka atrophy, intestinal metaplasia, a i ʻole atypical hyperplasia, pono e nānā pono ʻia. He mea nui e haʻalele koke i nā hana maikaʻi ʻole e like meke kū nei puhi paka, hoʻēmi i ka inu ʻana i ka waiʻona, a pale i nā meaʻai palai a me nā meaʻai paʻakai kiʻekiʻeEia kekahi, ua ʻōlelo ʻia e hana i nā hoʻokolohua makahiki maʻamau me kahi loea gastrointestinal e loiloi i ke kūlana kikoʻī a noʻonoʻo i nā ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo e like me ka gastroscopy a i ʻole ka lāʻau lapaʻau.
5. Aia kekahi pilina ma waena o Helicobacter pylori a me ke kanesa ʻōpū?
He bacteria ka Helicobacter pylori i loaʻa pinepine i loko o ka ʻōpū, a pili ia me kekahi ʻano maʻi ʻōpū. Inā loaʻa i kahi kanaka ka maʻi Helicobacter pylori a loaʻa pū kekahi i nā maʻi ʻōpū mau e like me ka gastritis mau a i ʻole nā ʻōpū ʻōpū, piʻi aʻe ko lākou pilikia o ka loaʻa ʻana o ka maʻi ʻōpū. He mea nui ka ʻimi ʻana i ka lāʻau lapaʻau i ka manawa kūpono i ia mau hihia. Ma waho aʻe o ka mea i hoʻopilikia ʻia e loaʻa ana i ka lāʻau lapaʻau, pono nā lālā o ka ʻohana e hana i nā nānā ʻana a noʻonoʻo i ka lāʻau lapaʻau i hoʻonohonoho ʻia inā pono.
6. Aia kekahi koho ʻē aʻe i emi iki ka ʻeha ma mua o ka gastroscopy?
ʻOiaʻiʻo, hiki ke lilo i mea ʻoluʻolu ʻole ka hana ʻana i kahi gastroscopy me ka ʻole o nā hana hōʻoluʻolu ʻeha.Eia nō naʻe, i ka wā e ʻike ai i ka maʻi ʻaʻai ʻōpū i ka wā mua, ʻo ka gastroscopy ke ala kūpono loa i kēia manawa.ʻAʻole paha e ʻike ʻia ka maʻi ʻōpū i nā ʻano hana ʻē aʻe i ka wā mua, hiki ke hoʻopilikia nui i ka hiki ke hoʻōla maikaʻi ʻia.
ʻO ka pōmaikaʻi o ka gastroscopy, ʻo ia ka hiki i nā kauka ke nānā pololei i ka ʻōpū ma ke komo ʻana i kahi ʻōmole lahilahi a palupalu ma o ka esophagus a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi probe liʻiliʻi e like me ke kāmela. Hiki iā lākou ke ʻike maopopo i ka ʻōpū a ʻaʻole e poina i nā loli liʻiliʻi. Hiki i nā hōʻailona mua o ka maʻi ʻōpū ke liʻiliʻi loa, e like me kahi ʻāpana liʻiliʻi ma ko mākou lima a mākou e nānā ʻole ai, akā aia paha he mau loli liʻiliʻi i ke kala o ka uhi ʻōpū. ʻOiai hiki i nā scan CT a me nā mea hoʻohālikelike ke ʻike i kekahi mau ʻano ʻino o ka ʻōpū nui, ʻaʻole paha lākou e hopu i kēlā mau loli liʻiliʻi. No laila, no ka poʻe i ʻōlelo ʻia e hana i ka gastroscopy, he mea nui e kānalua ʻole.
7. He aha ke kūlana gula no ka ʻike ʻana i ka maʻi ʻōpū?
ʻO ka Gastroscopy a me ka biopsy pathological ke kūlana gula no ka ʻike ʻana i ka maʻi ʻōpū. Hāʻawi kēia i kahi hōʻailona qualitative, a ukali ʻia e ke kahua. ʻO ke ʻoki kino, ka radiation therapy, chemotherapy, a me ka mālama kākoʻo nā ʻano lapaʻau nui no ka maʻi ʻōpū. ʻO ke ʻoki kino ka lāʻau mua no ka maʻi ʻōpū mua, a ʻo ka mālama piha multidisciplinary i kēia manawa ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo ia ke ʻano lapaʻau holomua loa no ka maʻi ʻōpū. Ma muli o ke kūlana kino o ka mea maʻi, ka holomua o ka maʻi, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe, kahi hui multidisciplinary o nā loea e hana pū ana i kahi hoʻolālā lapaʻau pilikino no ka mea maʻi, he mea pono loa ia no nā mea maʻi me nā kūlana paʻakikī. Inā maopopo ke kahua a me ka hōʻailona o ka mea maʻi, hiki ke hana ʻia ka lāʻau e like me nā alakaʻi pili no ka maʻi ʻōpū.
8. Pehea e pono ai ke ʻimi i ka mālama olakino no ka maʻi ʻōpū ma ke ʻano ʻepekema?
Hiki i ka mālama ʻana i nā maʻi ʻaʻai ʻole ke hoʻoulu i ka ulu ʻana o nā ʻōpū puʻupuʻu a hoʻonui i ka paʻakikī o nā mālama ʻana ma hope. He mea koʻikoʻi ka ʻike mua a me ka mālama ʻana no nā maʻi me ka maʻi ʻōpū, no laila he mea nui e ʻimi i ka mālama olakino mai kahi keʻena oncology kūikawā. Ma hope o ka hoʻokolokolo pono ʻana, e loiloi ke kauka i ke kūlana o ka mea maʻi a hāʻawi i nā ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo lapaʻau, a laila e kūkākūkā ʻia me ka mea maʻi a me ko lākou ʻohana ma mua o ka hoʻoholo ʻana. Nui nā maʻi e hopohopo nei a makemake i kahi ʻike koke i kēia lā a me ke ʻoki ʻana i ka lā ʻapōpō. ʻAʻole hiki iā lākou ke kali i ka laina no nā hoʻokolokolo a i ʻole no kahi moena haukapila. Eia nō naʻe, i mea e loaʻa ai ka mālama koke, ʻo ka hele ʻana i nā haukapila ʻaʻole kūikawā a ʻaʻole loea no ka mālama ʻana i nā maʻi ʻaʻole kūpono hiki ke hoʻopilikia i ka mālama ʻana o ka maʻi ma hope.
Ke ʻike ʻia ka maʻi ʻōpū, ua noho mau ia no kekahi manawa. Inā ʻaʻole he mau pilikia koʻikoʻi e like me ka perforation, ke kahe ʻana o ke koko, a i ʻole ke ālai ʻia, ʻaʻohe pono e hopohopo e wikiwiki ka hoʻopaneʻe ʻana i ke ʻoki koke ʻana i ka holomua o ka puʻupuʻu. ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻo ka hāʻawi ʻana i ka manawa kūpono no nā kauka e hoʻomaopopo pono i ke kūlana o ka mea maʻi, e loiloi i ko lākou hoʻomanawanui kino, a kālailai i nā ʻano o ka puʻupuʻu he mea nui ia no nā hopena lapaʻau maikaʻi aʻe.
9. Pehea lā kākou e nānā ai i ka ʻōlelo "ua makaʻu ka hapakolu o nā maʻi a make"?
Ua hoʻonui nui ʻia kēia ʻōlelo. ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻole weliweli ka maʻi kanesa e like me kā mākou e noʻonoʻo ai. Noho ka nui o ka poʻe me ka maʻi kanesa a alakaʻi i nā ola piha. Ma hope o ka loaʻa ʻana o ka maʻi kanesa, he mea nui e hoʻoponopono i ka noʻonoʻo o ke kanaka a komo i ka kamaʻilio maikaʻi me nā poʻe maʻi manaʻolana. No nā poʻe e noho ana i ka wā hoʻōla ma hope o ka mālama ʻana i ka maʻi kanesa ʻōpū, ʻaʻole pono nā ʻohana a me nā hoa hana e mālama iā lākou he mau mea palupalu, e kāohi ana iā lākou mai ka hana ʻana i kekahi mea. Hiki i kēia ʻano hana ke hoʻomaopopo i nā maʻi me he mea lā ʻaʻole i ʻike ʻia ko lākou waiwai.
ʻO ka nui o ka ho'ōla ʻana i ka maʻi ʻaʻai gastric
ʻO ka nui o ka hoʻōla ʻana no ka maʻi ʻaʻai ʻōpū ma Kina ma kahi o 30%, ʻaʻole ia he haʻahaʻa loa i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā ʻano maʻi ʻē aʻe. No ke kanesa ʻōpū mua, ʻo ka nui o ka hoʻōla ʻana ma kahi o 80% a 90%. No ke kahua II, ma kahi o 70% a 80%. Eia nō naʻe, i ke kahua III, i manaʻo ʻia he holomua, hāʻule ka nui o ka hoʻōla ʻana ma kahi o 30%, a no ke kahua IV, ʻaʻole ia ma mua o 10%.
Ma ke ʻano o ka wahi, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka hoʻōla ʻana o ka maʻi ʻōpū distal i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka maʻi ʻōpū proximal. ʻO ke kanesa ʻōpū distal e pili ana i ke kanesa e kokoke ana i ka pylorus, ʻoiai ʻo ke kanesa ʻōpū proximal e pili ana i ke kanesa e kokoke ana i ka cardia a i ʻole ke kino gastric. ʻOi aku ka paʻakikī o ka ʻike ʻana i ka carcinoma cell signet ring a ke ʻano nei e metastasize, e hopena ana i ka haʻahaʻa o ka hoʻōla ʻana.
No laila, he mea nui e makaʻala i nā loli i ke kino o ke kanaka, e hana i nā nānā lapaʻau maʻamau, a e ʻimi koke i ke kōkua lapaʻau inā loaʻa ka ʻeha mau o ka ʻōpū. Inā pono, pono e hana ʻia ka gastroscopy. Pono nā maʻi i hana ʻia i ka lāʻau endoscopic i ka wā ma mua e loaʻa nā manawa hoʻopaʻa pinepine me kahi loea gastrointestinal a pili i nā ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo lapaʻau no nā hoʻokolohua gastroscopy manawa.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: ʻAukake-10-2023