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Ka Wehewehena Piha o ka CAR T-Cell Therapy
ʻO CAR-T (Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-Cell), ʻo ia hoʻi ke chimeric antigen receptor T-cells, he hana ia e hana ʻia ai nā pūnaewele T o ke kanaka ma waho o ke kino e hoʻololi ʻia, e hāʻawi ana iā lākou i ka hiki ke ʻike a pepehi pono i nā pūnaewele kanesa ma mua o ka hoʻokomo hou ʻia ʻana i loko o ke kino o ka mea maʻi, a laila e hoʻokō ai i ka pahuhopu o ka mālama ʻana i nā puʻupuʻu ʻino.
ʻO ka mea ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻole hoʻohana wale ʻia ka lāʻau lapaʻau CAR-T no ka mālama ʻana i ka maʻi kanesa akā loaʻa pū kekahi i ka hiki ke hana i nā maʻi autoimmune, nā maʻi maʻi mau, nā maʻi puʻuwai, a me nā maʻi e pili ana i ka makahiki.
ʻO nā pūnaewele T, i ʻike ʻia hoʻi he mau lymphocytes T, nā ʻāpana nui o nā lymphocytes a ʻo lākou ke kuleana nui no nā pane pale kino a me ka pale ʻana i nā maʻi. Loaʻa iā lākou nā hana e like me ka pepehi pololei ʻana i nā pūnaewele i manaʻo ʻia, ke kōkua ʻana a me ke kāohi ʻana i nā pūnaewele B e hana i nā antibodies, ka pane ʻana i nā antigens a me nā mitogens kikoʻī, a me ka hana ʻana i nā cytokines.
ʻOiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻole i kaupalena ʻia ka ʻōnaehana pale kino kanaka i nā pūnaewele T; ua komo pū kekahi me nā pūnaewele B, nā neutrophils, nā pūnaewele K, nā pūnaewele NK, a me nā mea hou aku. He kuleana ko lākou i ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana i nā huahana metabolic ʻōpala mai ke kino, ka ʻike ʻana a me ka hana ʻana i nā antibodies, a me ka ʻike ʻana a me ka pepehi ʻana i nā pathogens haole a me nā pūnaewele kanesa.
ʻOiai ua loaʻa i nā pūnaewele T ka hana o ka ʻike a me ka pepehi ʻana i nā pūnaewele maʻi kanesa, no ke aha he mea pono e hoʻohui i ka CAR i nā pūnaewele T e hana i nā pūnaewele CAR-T e pepehi i nā pūnaewele maʻi kanesa? Lawe mai kēia iā mākou i ke kumumanaʻo o ka pale ʻana i ka pale ʻana i ka maʻi, ʻo ia kekahi o nā ʻano nui o ka maʻi kanesa.
ʻO ka lāʻau lapaʻau CAR-T, a i ʻole ka lāʻau lapaʻau CAR-T cell, e pili ana i ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i nā cell T o ka mea maʻi, e hoʻonui ana iā lākou ma waho o ke kino, a laila e hoʻokomo i kahi antigen cell tumor CAR (chimeric antigen receptor) i hoʻolālā ʻia i nā cell T. Ma hope o ka hana ʻana, hoʻonui nui ʻia ka hana anti-tumor o nā lymphocytes T ma mua o ka hoʻokomo hou ʻia ʻana i loko o ke kino o ka mea maʻi, no laila e hoʻihoʻi ana i ka hiki o nā cell T ke ʻike a pepehi i nā cell cancer. ʻO kēia ke kumu o ka lāʻau lapaʻau CAR-T cell.
Ua ʻāpono ʻia ka lāʻau lapaʻau CAR-T IMPT-514 a Impact Bio e ka FDA.
Ma ʻAukake 21, 2024, ua hoʻolaha ʻo Impact Bio ua ʻāpono ka FDA i kāna noi IND no ka lāʻau lapaʻau IMPT-514 āna i hoʻomohala ai. ʻO IMPT-514 kahi lāʻau lapaʻau bispecific CD19/CD20 CAR-T i hoʻohana ʻia e mālama i ka lupus erythematosus systemic refractory (SLE). Ma nā ʻikepili hoʻokolohua lapaʻau, ua hōʻike ʻia ʻo IMPT-514 he mea kūpono loa i ka hana ʻana mai nā poʻe maʻi me ka immunosuppression koʻikoʻi mai nā maʻi autoimmune like ʻole, a ua hōʻike ʻo ia i nā hiki ke hoʻomaʻemaʻe autologous B-cell me kahi ʻano cytokine akahai. Hōʻike mau ka lāʻau lapaʻau Axicabtagene ciloleucel CAR-T no ka lymphoma B-cell nui i ka pane mau ma hope o ʻelima mau makahiki. Ma ʻAukake 2, 2024, ua hoʻokuʻu ka American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) i kahi hōʻike ʻikepili e pili ana i nā helu ola lōʻihi ma hope o ka lāʻau lapaʻau CAR-T cell. Ua hōʻike ʻia nā hopena i waena o nā poʻe maʻi i loaʻa i ka lāʻau lapaʻau CAR-T, ʻo ka nui o ke ola ʻana me ka ʻole o ka holomua ʻana he 5 makahiki he 29%, ʻo ka nui o ke ola holoʻokoʻa (OS) he 40%, a ʻo ka nui o ke ola ʻana o ka lymphoma-specific he 53%, me nā relapses lohi kakaʻikahi. ʻO Axicabtagene ciloleucel kahi lāʻau lapaʻau cell CAR-T chimeric CD19 autologous i ʻae ʻia no ka mālama ʻana i ka lymphoma B-cell nui i hoʻihoʻi ʻia a i ʻole refractory. Hopena: Ma kahi hoʻonohonoho mālama maʻamau, kūlike nā hopena lapaʻau o axicabtagene ciloleucel CAR-T me nā hopena i hōʻike ʻia i nā hoʻokolohua lapaʻau, me nā pane mau a paʻa i ʻike ʻia ma ka māka 5 makahiki.
ʻO ka lāʻau lapaʻau CAR-T mua loa o ka honua no nā maʻi autoimmune.Ma ʻOkakopa 4, 2024, ua hoʻolaha ka pūnaewele Nature i kahi hōʻike e hoʻolauna ana i kahi hopena noiʻi mai kahi hui Kina. Ua hoʻohana nā kānaka ʻepekema i ka ʻenehana hoʻoponopono gene CRISPR-Cas9 e hoʻololi i ka genetics i nā cell CAR-T olakino i loaʻa mai nā mea hāʻawi e kuhikuhi ana iā CD19, e hoʻomohala ana i kahi hanauna hou o ka lāʻau lapaʻau CAR-T universal allogeneic i kōkua i ʻekolu mau maʻi me nā maʻi autoimmune koʻikoʻi e hoʻokō i ke kala ʻana no ka manawa lōʻihi.
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Nā pilikia lapaʻau e wāwahi ana i ka hau no ka "Lung nodule cryoablation"
ʻO ka mālama maʻamau o nā nodules pulmonary e komo pū ana me ka biopsy a me ka pneumonectomy.
He maʻalahi ke loaʻa nā pilikia e like me ka pneumothorax a me ka hemothorax i ka wā o ka biopsy.
Aia nā pilikia o ka hoʻokahe ʻana o nā cell tumor a me ka metastasis. He mea paʻakikī ke hoʻomaopopo i ka maʻi ma muli o ka liʻiliʻi o ka nui o nā ʻiʻo biopsy maʻamau.
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Ka maʻi ʻaʻai māmā
ʻO ke kanesa māmā (i ʻike ʻia hoʻi he kanesa bronchial) he kanesa māmā ʻino i hoʻokumu ʻia e nā ʻiʻo epithelial bronchial o nā ʻano like ʻole. Wahi a ke ʻano, ua māhele ʻia i waena, peripheral a me ka nui (hui pū ʻia).
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Ka maʻi ʻaʻai ʻōpū
I ke kahua mua o ka puʻupuʻu ʻōpū, ʻaʻohe hōʻailona ʻoluʻolu ʻole a ʻaʻohe ʻeha maopopo, akā hiki ke loaʻa nā hunaola koko ʻulaʻula i loko o ka ʻōpala ma o ka nānā ʻana i ka ʻōpala maʻamau a me ka hoʻāʻo koko huna, e hōʻike ana i ke kahe koko ʻōpū. Hiki i ka Gastroscopy ke ʻike i nā meaola hou i ʻike nui ʻia i loko o ke ʻōpala ʻōpū i ke kahua mua.
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Ka maʻi ʻaʻai pancreatic
ʻO ke kanesa pancreatic kekahi o nā maʻi kanesa make loa e hoʻopilikia ana i ka pancreas, kahi ʻōkana ma hope o ka ʻōpū. Hana ia i ka wā e hoʻomaka ai nā cell abnormal i loko o ka pancreas e ulu me ke kaohi ʻole, e hana ana i kahi puʻupuʻu. ʻAʻole hōʻike pinepine nā pae mua o ke kanesa pancreatic i kekahi mau hōʻailona. I ka ulu ʻana o ka puʻupuʻu, hiki iā ia ke hana i nā hōʻailona e like me ka ʻeha o ka ʻōpū, ka ʻeha hope, ka emi ʻana o ke kaumaha, ka nalowale o ka makemake, a me ka jaundice. Hiki ke hana ʻia kēia mau hōʻailona e nā kūlana ʻē aʻe, no laila he mea nui e ʻike i ke kauka inā loaʻa iā ʻoe kekahi o lākou.
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Ka maʻi ʻaʻai prostate
ʻO ke kanesa prostate kahi puʻupuʻu ʻino maʻamau i loaʻa pinepine i ka wā e ulu a pālahalaha ai nā hunaola kanesa prostate i loko o ke kino kāne, a piʻi kona nui me ka makahiki. ʻOiai he mea nui ka ʻike mua a me ka mālama ʻana, hiki i kekahi mau lāʻau lapaʻau ke kōkua i ka hoʻolohi ʻana i ka holomua o ka maʻi a hoʻomaikaʻi i ka nui o ke ola o nā maʻi. Hiki ke loaʻa ke kanesa prostate i kēlā me kēia makahiki, akā ʻo ia ka mea maʻamau i nā kāne ma luna o 60 mau makahiki. ʻO ka hapa nui o nā maʻi kanesa prostate he mau kāne, akā aia paha nā wahine a me nā kāne moe kāne.
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Ka maʻi ʻōpū
ʻO ka ovary kekahi o nā ʻōkana hānau kūloko koʻikoʻi o nā wahine, a ʻo ia hoʻi ke ʻōkana moekolohe nui o nā wahine. ʻO kāna hana ka hana ʻana i nā hua manu a me ka synthesize a me ka huna ʻana i nā hormones. me ka nui o ka hihia i waena o nā wahine. Hoʻoweliweli nui ia i ke ola a me ke olakino o nā wahine.
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ʻO ke kanesa o ka puʻupaʻa
ʻO ka renal cell carcinoma kahi puʻupuʻu ʻino e puka mai ana mai ka ʻōnaehana epithelial tubular urinary o ka renal parenchyma. ʻO ka huaʻōlelo aʻo ʻo renal cell carcinoma, i ʻike ʻia hoʻi ʻo renal adenocarcinoma, i kapa ʻia ʻo renal cell carcinoma. Loaʻa iā ia nā ʻano ʻano like ʻole o ka renal cell carcinoma e puka mai ana mai nā ʻāpana like ʻole o ka urinary tubule, akā ʻaʻole i hoʻokomo i nā puʻupuʻu e puka mai ana mai ka renal interstitium a me nā puʻupuʻu pelvis renal. I ka makahiki 1883, ua ʻike ʻo Grawitz, he pathologist Kelemania,... -
Ka maʻi ʻaʻai iwi
He aha ke kanesa iwi? He ʻano kū hoʻokahi kēia o ke kino, ka mōlina, a me ke kino kanaka. Eia nō naʻe, ʻoiai kēia ʻōnaehana paʻa e like me he mea lā e hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia a lilo i puʻuhonua no nā puʻupuʻu ʻino. Hiki i nā puʻupuʻu ʻino ke ulu kūʻokoʻa a hiki ke hana ʻia ma o ka hana hou ʻana o nā puʻupuʻu benign. I ka hapanui o nā hihia, inā mākou e kamaʻilio e pili ana i ka maʻi ʻaʻai iwi, ke manaʻo nei mākou i ka mea i kapa ʻia ʻo ka maʻi ʻaʻai metastatic, i ka wā e ulu ai ka puʻupuʻu i nā ʻōpū ʻē aʻe (māmā, umauma, prostate) a pālahalaha i ka wā hope, me ka iwi ... -
Ka maʻi ʻaʻai ate
He aha ke kanesa o ke akepaʻa? ʻO ka mea mua, e aʻo kākou e pili ana i kahi maʻi i kapa ʻia ʻo ke kanesa. Ma lalo o nā kūlana maʻamau, ulu nā cell, māhele, a hoʻololi i nā cell kahiko e make. He hana hoʻonohonoho maikaʻi kēia me kahi ʻano hoʻomalu maopopo. I kekahi manawa ua luku ʻia kēia kaʻina hana a hoʻomaka e hana i nā cell i pono ʻole ai ke kino. ʻO ka hopena, hiki i ka puʻupuʻu ke lilo i benign a malignant paha. ʻAʻole he kanesa kahi puʻupuʻu benign. ʻAʻole lākou e pālahalaha i nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe o ke kino, ʻaʻole hoʻi e ulu hou ma hope o ke ʻoki ʻana. ʻOiai... -
ʻO ke kanesa o ka ʻōpū
Ua kapa ʻia ʻo Carcinomaofrectum he kanesa colorectal, he puʻupuʻu maʻi maʻamau i loko o ke ala gastrointestinal, ʻo ka lua wale nō ka hanana ma hope o ke kanesa ʻōpū a me ka esophageal, ʻo ia ka ʻāpana maʻamau o ke kanesa colorectal (ma kahi o 60%). ʻO ka hapa nui o nā maʻi ma luna o 40 mau makahiki, a ma kahi o 15% ma lalo o 30 mau makahiki. ʻOi aku ka maʻamau o ke kāne, ʻo ka lakio o ke kāne i ka wahine he 2-3: 1 e like me ka nānā ʻana o ke kauka, ua ʻike ʻia he ʻāpana o ke kanesa colorectal e puka mai ana mai nā polyps rectal a i ʻole schistosomiasis; ʻo ka mumū mau o ka ʻōpū, hiki i kekahi ke hoʻoulu i ka maʻi kanesa; ʻo ka momona kiʻekiʻe a me ka ʻai kiʻekiʻe-protein ke kumu o ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana o ka waikawa cholic, ua hoʻopau ʻia ka mea hope i loko o nā hydrocarbons polycyclic unsaturated e nā anaerobes intestinal, hiki ke hana i ka maʻi kanesa.
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Ka maʻi ʻaʻai cervix
ʻO ke kanesa ʻāʻī, i ʻike ʻia hoʻi he kanesa ʻāʻī, ʻo ia ka puʻupuʻu wahine maʻamau i loko o ke ala hānau wahine. ʻO HPV ke kumu pilikia nui loa no ka maʻi. Hiki ke pale ʻia ke kanesa ʻāʻī ma o ka nānā mau ʻana a me ka lāʻau pale. Hoʻōla nui ʻia ke kanesa ʻāʻī i ka wā mua a maikaʻi ka wānana.
ʻOihana lapaʻau hana like o ka Halemai Kanesa ʻo Beijing