Ka Wehewehena Piha o ka CAR T-Cell Therapy

ʻO CAR-T (Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-Cell), ʻo ia hoʻi ke chimeric antigen receptor T-cells, he hana ia e hana ʻia ai nā pūnaewele T o ke kanaka ma waho o ke kino e hoʻololi ʻia, e hāʻawi ana iā lākou i ka hiki ke ʻike a pepehi pono i nā pūnaewele kanesa ma mua o ka hoʻokomo hou ʻia ʻana i loko o ke kino o ka mea maʻi, a laila e hoʻokō ai i ka pahuhopu o ka mālama ʻana i nā puʻupuʻu ʻino.
ʻO ka mea ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻole hoʻohana wale ʻia ka lāʻau lapaʻau CAR-T no ka mālama ʻana i ka maʻi kanesa akā loaʻa pū kekahi i ka hiki ke hana i nā maʻi autoimmune, nā maʻi maʻi mau, nā maʻi puʻuwai, a me nā maʻi e pili ana i ka makahiki.
ʻO nā pūnaewele T, i ʻike ʻia hoʻi he mau lymphocytes T, nā ʻāpana nui o nā lymphocytes a ʻo lākou ke kuleana nui no nā pane pale kino a me ka pale ʻana i nā maʻi. Loaʻa iā lākou nā hana e like me ka pepehi pololei ʻana i nā pūnaewele i manaʻo ʻia, ke kōkua ʻana a me ke kāohi ʻana i nā pūnaewele B e hana i nā antibodies, ka pane ʻana i nā antigens a me nā mitogens kikoʻī, a me ka hana ʻana i nā cytokines.
ʻOiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻole i kaupalena ʻia ka ʻōnaehana pale kino kanaka i nā pūnaewele T; ua komo pū kekahi me nā pūnaewele B, nā neutrophils, nā pūnaewele K, nā pūnaewele NK, a me nā mea hou aku. He kuleana ko lākou i ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana i nā huahana metabolic ʻōpala mai ke kino, ka ʻike ʻana a me ka hana ʻana i nā antibodies, a me ka ʻike ʻana a me ka pepehi ʻana i nā pathogens haole a me nā pūnaewele kanesa.
ʻOiai ua loaʻa i nā pūnaewele T ka hana o ka ʻike a me ka pepehi ʻana i nā pūnaewele maʻi kanesa, no ke aha he mea pono e hoʻohui i ka CAR i nā pūnaewele T e hana i nā pūnaewele CAR-T e pepehi i nā pūnaewele maʻi kanesa? Lawe mai kēia iā mākou i ke kumumanaʻo o ka pale ʻana i ka pale ʻana i ka maʻi, ʻo ia kekahi o nā ʻano nui o ka maʻi kanesa.
ʻO ka lāʻau lapaʻau CAR-T, a i ʻole ka lāʻau lapaʻau CAR-T cell, e pili ana i ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i nā cell T o ka mea maʻi, e hoʻonui ana iā lākou ma waho o ke kino, a laila e hoʻokomo i kahi antigen cell tumor CAR (chimeric antigen receptor) i hoʻolālā ʻia i nā cell T. Ma hope o ka hana ʻana, hoʻonui nui ʻia ka hana anti-tumor o nā lymphocytes T ma mua o ka hoʻokomo hou ʻia ʻana i loko o ke kino o ka mea maʻi, no laila e hoʻihoʻi ana i ka hiki o nā cell T ke ʻike a pepehi i nā cell cancer. ʻO kēia ke kumu o ka lāʻau lapaʻau CAR-T cell.
Ua ʻāpono ʻia ka lāʻau lapaʻau CAR-T IMPT-514 a Impact Bio e ka FDA.
Ma ʻAukake 21, 2024, ua hoʻolaha ʻo Impact Bio ua ʻāpono ka FDA i kāna noi IND no ka lāʻau lapaʻau IMPT-514 āna i hoʻomohala ai. ʻO IMPT-514 kahi lāʻau lapaʻau bispecific CD19/CD20 CAR-T i hoʻohana ʻia e mālama i ka lupus erythematosus systemic refractory (SLE). Ma nā ʻikepili hoʻokolohua lapaʻau, ua hōʻike ʻia ʻo IMPT-514 he mea kūpono loa i ka hana ʻana mai nā poʻe maʻi me ka immunosuppression koʻikoʻi mai nā maʻi autoimmune like ʻole, a ua hōʻike ʻo ia i nā hiki ke hoʻomaʻemaʻe autologous B-cell me kahi ʻano cytokine akahai. Hōʻike mau ka lāʻau lapaʻau Axicabtagene ciloleucel CAR-T no ka lymphoma B-cell nui i ka pane mau ma hope o ʻelima mau makahiki. Ma ʻAukake 2, 2024, ua hoʻokuʻu ka American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) i kahi hōʻike ʻikepili e pili ana i nā helu ola lōʻihi ma hope o ka lāʻau lapaʻau CAR-T cell. Ua hōʻike ʻia nā hopena i waena o nā poʻe maʻi i loaʻa i ka lāʻau lapaʻau CAR-T, ʻo ka nui o ke ola ʻana me ka ʻole o ka holomua ʻana he 5 makahiki he 29%, ʻo ka nui o ke ola holoʻokoʻa (OS) he 40%, a ʻo ka nui o ke ola ʻana o ka lymphoma-specific he 53%, me nā relapses lohi kakaʻikahi. ʻO Axicabtagene ciloleucel kahi lāʻau lapaʻau cell CAR-T chimeric CD19 autologous i ʻae ʻia no ka mālama ʻana i ka lymphoma B-cell nui i hoʻihoʻi ʻia a i ʻole refractory. Hopena: Ma kahi hoʻonohonoho mālama maʻamau, kūlike nā hopena lapaʻau o axicabtagene ciloleucel CAR-T me nā hopena i hōʻike ʻia i nā hoʻokolohua lapaʻau, me nā pane mau a paʻa i ʻike ʻia ma ka māka 5 makahiki.
ʻO ka lāʻau lapaʻau CAR-T mua loa o ka honua no nā maʻi autoimmune.

Ma ʻOkakopa 4, 2024, ua hoʻolaha ka pūnaewele Nature i kahi hōʻike e hoʻolauna ana i kahi hopena noiʻi mai kahi hui Kina. Ua hoʻohana nā kānaka ʻepekema i ka ʻenehana hoʻoponopono gene CRISPR-Cas9 e hoʻololi i ka genetics i nā cell CAR-T olakino i loaʻa mai nā mea hāʻawi e kuhikuhi ana iā CD19, e hoʻomohala ana i kahi hanauna hou o ka lāʻau lapaʻau CAR-T universal allogeneic i kōkua i ʻekolu mau maʻi me nā maʻi autoimmune koʻikoʻi e hoʻokō i ke kala ʻana no ka manawa lōʻihi.