ʻO "Kanesa" ka "daimonio" weliweli loa i ka lāʻau lapaʻau hou. Ke nānā nui nei ka poʻe i ka nānā ʻana a me ka pale ʻana i ka maʻi kanesa. ʻO "Nā māka tumor," ma ke ʻano he mea hana maʻalahi no ka hōʻoia ʻana, ua lilo ia i wahi nui o ka nānā ʻana. Eia nō naʻe, ʻo ka hilinaʻi wale ʻana i nā māka tumor kiʻekiʻe hiki ke alakaʻi pinepine i kahi kuhihewa e pili ana i ke kūlana maoli.
He aha nā māka puʻupuʻu?
I ka ʻōlelo maʻalahi, pili nā māka tumor i nā protein like ʻole, nā kalapona, nā enzyme, a me nā hormones i hana ʻia i loko o ke kino o ke kanaka. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia nā māka tumor ma ke ʻano he mau mea hana nānā no ka ʻike mua ʻana i ka maʻi kanesa. Eia nō naʻe, ua palena iki ka waiwai lapaʻau o kahi hopena māka tumor i hoʻokiʻekiʻe iki ʻia. I ka hana lapaʻau, hiki i nā kūlana like ʻole e like me nā maʻi, ka mumū, a me ka hāpai ʻana ke hoʻonui i nā māka tumor. Eia kekahi, ʻo nā ʻano nohona maikaʻi ʻole e like me ka puhi paka, ka inu ʻona, a me ka noho ʻana a hiki i ka pō ke alakaʻi i nā māka tumor kiʻekiʻe. No laila, ʻoi aku ka nānā ʻana o nā kauka i ke ʻano o nā loli o ka māka tumor i loko o kekahi manawa ma mua o nā loli liʻiliʻi i kahi hopena hoʻāʻo hoʻokahi. Eia nō naʻe, inā kiʻekiʻe nui kahi māka tumor kikoʻī, e like me CEA a i ʻole AFP (nā māka tumor kikoʻī no ka maʻi kanesa māmā a me ke ake), e hiki ana i kekahi mau tausani a i ʻole he ʻumi tausani, pono ia e nānā a hoʻokolokolo hou aku.
Ke Koʻikoʻi o nā Māka Tumor i ka Nānā Mua ʻana i ke Kanesa
ʻAʻole nā māka tumor he hōʻike paʻa no ka ʻike ʻana i ke kanesa, akā he mea nui nō naʻe ia i ka nānā ʻana i ke kanesa ma lalo o nā kūlana kikoʻī. He ʻano koʻikoʻi kekahi mau māka tumor, e like me ka AFP (alpha-fetoprotein) no ke kanesa o ke ake. I ka hana lapaʻau, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka piʻi ʻana o ka AFP, me nā hoʻokolohua kiʻi a me ka mōʻaukala o ka maʻi ate, ma ke ʻano he hōʻike no ka ʻike ʻana i ke kanesa o ke ake. Pēlā nō, hiki i nā māka tumor kiʻekiʻe ʻē aʻe ke hōʻike i ke alo o nā tumors i loko o ke kanaka e hoʻāʻo ʻia nei.
Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole kēia manaʻo e pono e hoʻokomo ʻia nā hoʻāʻo māka tumor i nā nānā āpau o ke kanesa. Paipai mākouka nānā ʻana i nā māka tumor no nā poʻe i ka pilikia kiʻekiʻe:
- Nā kānaka i piha i 40 makahiki a ʻoi aku me ka mōʻaukala puhipaka nui (ʻo ka lōʻihi o ka puhipaka i hoʻonui ʻia e nā cigarettes i puhi ʻia i kēlā me kēia lā > 400).
- Nā kānaka i piha i 40 makahiki a ʻoi aku me ka hoʻohana ʻino ʻana i ka waiʻona a i ʻole nā maʻi akepaʻa (e like me ka hepatitis A, B, C, a i ʻole cirrhosis).
- Nā kānaka he 40 makahiki a ʻoi aku me ka maʻi Helicobacter pylori i loko o ka ʻōpū a i ʻole ka gastritis mau loa.
- Nā kānaka i piha i 40 makahiki a ʻoi aku me ka mōʻaukala ʻohana o ka maʻi kanesa (ʻoi aku ma mua o hoʻokahi hoahānau koko pololei i ʻike ʻia me ke ʻano maʻi kanesa like).
Ke Kūlana o nā Māka Tumor i ka Lapaʻau ʻana i ke Kanesa Adjuvant
He mea nui ka hoʻohana pono ʻana i nā loli i nā māka tumor no nā kauka e hoʻoponopono i kā lākou mau hoʻolālā anticancer i ka manawa kūpono a hoʻokele i ke kaʻina hana lapaʻau holoʻokoʻa. ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻokoʻa nā hopena hoʻāʻo māka tumor no kēlā me kēia maʻi. Loaʻa paha i kekahi mau maʻi nā māka tumor maʻamau loa, aʻo kekahi poʻe he mau pae e hiki ana i nā ʻumi a i ʻole nā haneli tausani. ʻO ke ʻano kēia ʻaʻohe o mākou mau pae maʻamau e ana i kā lākou mau loli. No laila, ʻo ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i nā ʻokoʻa kū hoʻokahi o nā māka tumor i kēlā me kēia maʻi ke kumu no ka loiloi ʻana i ka holomua o ka maʻi ma o nā māka tumor.
Pono kahi ʻōnaehana loiloi hilinaʻi i ʻelua mau ʻano:"kūlana kikoʻī"a me"ʻike maʻalahi":
Kūlana kikoʻī:Pili kēia i ka kūlike o nā loli i nā māka tumor me ke kūlana o ka mea maʻi.
Eia kekahi laʻana, inā ʻike mākou ʻoi aku ka nui o ka AFP (alpha-fetoprotein, kahi māka kikoʻī no ka maʻi ʻaʻai akepaʻa) o kahi maʻi me ka maʻi ʻaʻai akepaʻa ma mua o ka pae maʻamau, hōʻike kā lākou māka tumor i ka "specificity." I ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, inā ʻoi aku ka nui o ka AFP o kahi maʻi maʻi ʻaʻai māmā ma mua o ka pae maʻamau, a inā he kiʻekiʻe ka AFP o kahi kanaka olakino, ʻaʻole hōʻike kā lākou kiʻekiʻe AFP i ka specificity.
ʻIkepili:Hōʻike kēia inā e loli nā māka o ka maʻi puʻupuʻu me ka holomua ʻana o ka puʻupuʻu.
No ka laʻana, i ka wā o ka nānā ʻana i ka ikaika, inā ʻike mākou e piʻi a emi paha ka CEA (carcinoembryonic antigen, kahi māka tumor kikoʻī no ka maʻi kanesa māmā non-small cell) o kahi maʻi kanesa māmā me nā loli i ka nui o ka tumor, a hahai i ke ʻano lapaʻau, hiki iā mākou ke hoʻoholo mua i ka ʻike o kā lākou māka tumor.
Ke hoʻokumu ʻia nā māka puʻupuʻu hilinaʻi (me ke ʻano kikoʻī a me ka ʻike), hiki i nā mea maʻi a me nā kauka ke hana i nā loiloi kikoʻī o ke kūlana o ka mea maʻi ma muli o nā loli kikoʻī i nā māka puʻupuʻu. He waiwai nui kēia ʻano hana no nā kauka e hoʻomohala i nā hoʻolālā lapaʻau pololei a hoʻopilikino i nā lāʻau lapaʻau pilikino.
Hiki i nā mea maʻi ke hoʻohana i nā loli loli i loko o kā lākou mau māka tumor e loiloi i ke kū'ē'ē ʻana o kekahi mau lāʻau lapaʻau a pale i ka holomua o ka maʻi ma muli o ke kū'ē'ē'ana i ka lāʻau lapaʻau. Eia naʻe,he mea nui e hoʻomaopopo ʻia ʻo ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā māka puʻupuʻu e loiloi i ke kūlana o ka mea maʻi he ala kōkua wale nō ia no nā kauka i kā lākou hakakā ʻana i ka maʻi kanesa a ʻaʻole pono e manaʻo ʻia he pani no ke kūlana gula o ka mālama ʻana ma hope—nā hoʻokolohua kiʻi lapaʻau (me nā scan CT, MRI, PET-CT, a pēlā aku).
Nā Māka Puʻupuʻu Maʻamau: He aha lākou?
AFP (Alpha-fetoprotein):
He glycoprotein ka Alpha-fetoprotein i hana maʻamau ʻia e nā hunaola kumu embryonic. Hiki i nā pae kiʻekiʻe ke hōʻike i nā maʻi ʻino e like me ke kanesa o ke ake.
CEA (Carcinoembryonic Antigen):
ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe o nā pae kiʻekiʻe o ka antigen carcinoembryonic e hōʻike paha i nā maʻi kanesa like ʻole, e like me ke kanesa colorectal, ke kanesa pancreatic, ke kanesa ʻōpū, a me ke kanesa umauma.
CA 199 (Kapaʻakai Antigen 199):
ʻIke pinepine ʻia nā pae kiʻekiʻe o ka antigen carbohydrate 199 i ka maʻi kanesa pancreatic a me nā maʻi ʻē aʻe e like me ke kanesa gallbladder, ke kanesa ate, a me ke kanesa colon.
CA 125 (Antigen Kanesa 125):
Hoʻohana nui ʻia ka antigen cancer 125 ma ke ʻano he mea hana kōkua no ka maʻi ʻaʻai ovarian a hiki ke loaʻa i ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma, ka maʻi ʻaʻai pancreatic, a me ke kanesa ʻōpū.
TA 153 (ʻAntigen Tumor 153):
ʻIke pinepine ʻia nā pae kiʻekiʻe o ka antigen tumor 153 i ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma a hiki ke loaʻa i ka maʻi ʻaʻai ovarian, ka maʻi ʻaʻai pancreatic, a me ke kanesa ate.
CA 50 (Antigen Kanesa 50):
ʻO ka antigen cancer 50 kahi māka tumor non-specific i hoʻohana nui ʻia ma ke ʻano he mea hana diagnostic kōkua no ke kanesa pancreatic, ke kanesa colorectal, ke kanesa ʻōpū, a me nā maʻi ʻē aʻe.
CA 242 (Kapaʻakai Antigen 242):
ʻO ka hopena maikaʻi no ka antigen carbohydrate 242 e pili pinepine ʻia me nā ʻōpū o ka ʻōpū.
β2-Microglobulin:
Hoʻohana nui ʻia ka β2-microglobulin e nānā i ka hana o nā ʻōmole renal a hiki ke hoʻonui i nā maʻi me ka hāʻule ʻole o ka renal, ka mumū, a i ʻole nā puʻupuʻu.
ʻO ka Ferritin serum:
Hiki ke ʻike ʻia ka emi ʻana o nā pae o ka ferritin serum i nā kūlana e like me ka anemia, ʻoiai hiki ke ʻike ʻia ka piʻi ʻana o nā pae i nā maʻi e like me ka leukemia, nā maʻi ate, a me nā maʻi ʻino.
NSE (Enolase Kūikawā Neuron):
ʻO ka enolase neuron-specific kahi protein i loaʻa nui i loko o nā neurons a me nā pūnaewele neuroendocrine. He māka tumor koʻikoʻi ia no ka maʻi kanesa māmā cell liʻiliʻi.
hCG (Human Chorionic Gonadotropin):
ʻO ka human chorionic gonadotropin kahi hormone e pili ana i ka hāpai ʻana. Hiki i nā pae kiʻekiʻe ke hōʻike i ka hāpai ʻana, a me nā maʻi e like me ke kanesa cervical, ke kanesa ovarian, a me nā puʻupuʻu testicular.
TNF (Tumor Necrosis Factor):
Pili ka tumor necrosis factor i ka pepehi ʻana i nā cell tumor, ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ka pale ʻana, a me nā hopena mumū. Hiki ke pili ka piʻi ʻana o nā pae me nā maʻi lele a i ʻole nā maʻi autoimmune a hiki ke hōʻike i kahi pilikia tumor.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Sep-01-2023