Kauka Yang Hong

ʻO ke laparotomy maʻamau a me ke ʻoki kino minimally invasive laparoscopic no ke kanesa ʻōpū, ke kanesa colon, ke kanesa rectal a me nā ʻōpū stromal gastrointestinal, maikaʻi loa i ka laparoscopic radical gastrectomy (distal gastrectomy, total gastrectomy, proximal gastrectomy), laparoscopic radical resection o ke kanesa colon (hemicolectomy ʻākau, radical resection o ke kanesa transverse colon, hemicolectomy hema, radical resection o ke kanesa sigmoid colon), laparoscopic radical resection o ke kanesa rectal (sphincter-preserving surgery a i ʻole Miles operation), a he mau hoʻokō maikaʻi i ka mālama ʻana i ka sphincter haʻahaʻa a me ka pale ʻana i ka hana o loko o ke kanesa rectal.