Ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma
Wehewehe Pōkole:
ʻO ka puʻupuʻu ʻino o ka ʻiʻo umauma. Ma ka honua, ʻo ia ke ʻano maʻamau o ka maʻi kanesa i waena o nā wahine, e hoʻopilikia ana i ka 1/13 a i ka 1/9 o nā wahine ma waena o 13 a me 90 mau makahiki. ʻO ia hoʻi ka lua o ka maʻi kanesa maʻamau ma hope o ke kanesa māmā (me nā kāne; no ka mea, ua hana ʻia ke kanesa umauma i ka ʻiʻo like i nā kāne a me nā wahine, loaʻa i kekahi manawa ke kanesa umauma (RMG) i nā kāne, akā ʻo ka nui o nā hihia kāne he emi ma mua o 1% o ka huina o nā maʻi me kēia maʻi).
Ua manaʻo nā loea o WHO he 800,000 kānaka ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa e make ana i ka maʻi AIDS i kēlā me kēia makahiki. Hoʻokahi miliona mau hihia hou o ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma. ʻO ka helu o nā make maʻi kanesa i waena o nā wahine ka lua. Ua loaʻa ka helu hanana kiʻekiʻe loa ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa a me ʻEulopa Komohana; I ka makahiki 2005, ua loaʻa he 49548 mau hihia hou (19.8% o ka huina o nā puʻupuʻu wahine) ma Rusia, me 22830 mau make.
He maʻi multifactorial ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma, pili kona ulu ʻana i nā loli o ka genome cell ma lalo o ka mana o nā kumu o waho a me nā hormones.
Hōʻailona
ʻAʻohe hōʻailona o ke kanesa umauma mua (Kahua 1 a me ka Pae 2) a ʻaʻole ia e hōʻeha. Hiki ke ʻeha loa ka menstruation, a pili ka ʻeha o ka umauma i ka maʻi kanesa umauma. ʻO ka maʻamau, ʻike ʻia ke kanesa umauma ma mua o ka loaʻa ʻana o nā hōʻailona pololei o ka puʻupuʻu - i ka wā o ka mammography a i ʻole ke manaʻo ka wahine i kahi puʻupuʻu i loko o kona umauma. Pono e kapa ʻia kekahi puʻupuʻu e ʻike i nā hunaola kanesa. Hoʻokumu ʻia ka ʻike pololei loa ma nā hopena biopsy flutter o ka hoʻokolokolo ultrasonic. He nui nā hihia diagnostics ma ke kahua 3 a me ke kahua 4 wale nō. Ke ʻike ʻia ka puʻupuʻu i ka maka ʻōlohelohe, loaʻa iā ia ke ʻano o ka ulcer a i ʻole ka puʻupuʻu nui. I ka wā o ka menstruation, hiki ke loaʻa nā puʻupuʻu mau ma ka armpit a i ʻole ma luna o ka clavicle: hōʻike kēia mau hōʻailona ua hōʻino ʻia nā lymph nodes, ʻo ia hoʻi, ua hoʻoili ʻia nā lymph nodes i nā lymph nodes, kahi i ʻike maopopo ʻia i ke kahua hope. Pili ka maʻi ʻeha me ka ulu ʻana o ka puʻupuʻu ma ka paia o ka umauma.
Nā hōʻailona ʻē aʻe o ke kahua holomua (III-IV):
ʻO ka wai kahe maopopo a koko paha o ka umauma
ʻUmiʻumi ʻana o ka nipple
Ma muli o ka ulu ʻana o ka puʻupuʻu ma ka ʻili, loli ke kala a i ʻole ke ʻano o ka ʻili o ka umauma.
Nā hōʻailona ʻē aʻe o ke kahua holomua (III-IV)